123rd Colloquium of Center for Computational Sciences

123rd Colloquium

Title: Foehn winds: causes and impacts

Speaker: Prof. Ian Renfrew
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

Date: September 20, 2018 (Thurs)

Time: 10:30 – 12:00

Venue: Center for Computational Sciences, Meeting Room A

Language: English

Abstract:
The foehn effect is well known as the warming, drying, and cloud clearance experienced on the lee side of mountain ranges during “flow over” conditions. Foehn flows were first described more than a century ago when two mechanisms for this warming effect were postulated. In this talk I will present the direct quantitative contribution of these and other foehn warming mechanisms. Our results suggest a new paradigm is required after it is demonstrated that a third mechanism, mechanical mixing of the foehn flow by turbulence, is significant. In fact, depending on the flow dynamics, any of the three warming mechanisms can dominate. A novel Lagrangian heat budget model, back trajectories, high-resolution numerical model output, and aircraft observations are all employed. The study focuses on a unique natural laboratory namely, the Antarctic Peninsula and Larsen C Ice Shelf. In this area foehn flows are prone to jets, which are relatively cool and moist, and wakes, which are relatively warm and dry, i.e. they have an enhanced foehn effect. These foehn jets are a type of gap wind, so funnelled through gaps (or inlets) in the mountain range. Foehn events can be divided into two types, depending on the non-dimensional mountain height. During a non-linear foehn flow, mountain wave breaking and strong down-slope acceleration leads to strong leeside warming, but a hydraulic jump prevents it being widespread. In contrast during a linear foehn event, there is no hydraulic jump and the foehn warming is widespread. Recent research by colleagues into wintertime foehn events and on the surface energy budget of foehn events will also be discussed.

Coordinator :Hiroyuki Kusaka

第123回計算科学コロキウムを、9月20日(木)10:30より開催します

第123回計算科学コロキウムを、9月20日(木)に開催いたします。
多数のご来聴をお願いいたします。

場所:筑波大学 計算科学研究センター 会議室A
日時:2018年9月20日(木)10:30 – 12:00
講演タイトル:Foehn winds: causes and impacts
講演者氏名 :Prof. Ian Renfrew
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

使用言語  :英語

Abstract:
The foehn effect is well known as the warming, drying, and cloud clearance experienced on the lee side of mountain ranges during “flow over” conditions. Foehn flows were first described more than a century ago when two mechanisms for this warming effect were postulated. In this talk I will present the direct quantitative contribution of these and other foehn warming mechanisms. Our results suggest a new paradigm is required after it is demonstrated that a third mechanism, mechanical mixing of the foehn flow by turbulence, is significant. In fact, depending on the flow dynamics, any of the three warming mechanisms can dominate. A novel Lagrangian heat budget model, back trajectories, high-resolution numerical model output, and aircraft observations are all employed. The study focuses on a unique natural laboratory namely, the Antarctic Peninsula and Larsen C Ice Shelf. In this area foehn flows are prone to jets, which are relatively cool and moist, and wakes, which are relatively warm and dry, i.e. they have an enhanced foehn effect. These foehn jets are a type of gap wind, so funnelled through gaps (or inlets) in the mountain range. Foehn events can be divided into two types, depending on the non-dimensional mountain height. During a non-linear foehn flow, mountain wave breaking and strong down-slope acceleration leads to strong leeside warming, but a hydraulic jump prevents it being widespread. In contrast during a linear foehn event, there is no hydraulic jump and the foehn warming is widespread. Recent research by colleagues into wintertime foehn events and on the surface energy budget of foehn events will also be discussed.

世話人:日下 博幸 

Tsukuba-CCS workshop on “microscopic theories of nuclear structure and dynamics”

Tsukuba-CCS workshop on “microscopic theories of nuclear structure and dynamics”

Dates and VenuesInvited Speakers / Program / Registration / Organizers / Travel information / Correspondence


Tsukuba-CCS workshop on “microscopic theories of nuclear structure and dynamics” will be held at Center for Computational Sciences (CCS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan, December 10-12, 2018.

This is the second event in the series of international workshops on nuclear structure and reactions held at the CCS (the first event was held in 2016.)

The objective of the workshop is to discuss the recent developments of the microscopic theories of nuclear structure and reactions, related advances in computational techniques for the upcoming exascale systems, and to create opportunities for new collaborations. The workshop will cover various topics including nuclear density functional theory and its extensions, nuclear shell model and cluster physics, fusion and fission dynamics, and nuclear reactions of low and intermediate energies.

The workshop will be held right after the 13th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2018), December 4-8, 2018, in Omiya, Saitama, Japan.

 

Dates and Venues

December 10-12, 2018, Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

・ International workshop room (December 10-11)

・ meeting room A (December 12)

Invited Speakers

– Anatoli Afanasjev (Mississippi State U, USA)
– Andrei Andreyev (York, UK)
– Aurel Bulgac (UW, USA)
– Alexis Diaz-Torres (Surrey, UK)
– Jacek Dobaczewski (York, UK)
– Yasuro Funaki (Kanto Gakuin, Japan)
– Takenori Furumoto (Yokohama National U, Japan)
– Shun Furusawa (RIKEN, Japan)
– Stephane Goriely (ULB, Belgium)
– Markus Kortelainen (Jyvaskyla, Finland)
– Bharat Kumar (IUCAA, India)
– Elena Litvinova (WMU, USA)
– Laura Moschini (ULB, Belgium)
– Petr Navratil (TRIUMF, Canada)
– Witold Nazarewicz (MSU, USA)
– Valentin O. Nesterenko (JINR, Russia)
– Tamara Niksic (Zagreb, Croatia)
– Katsuhisa Nishio (JAEA, Japan)
– Junchen Pei (Beijing, China)
– Chong Qi (KTH, Sweden)
– Guillaume Scamps (Tsukuba, Japan)
– Kazuyuki Sekizawa (Niigata, Japan)
– Yusuke Tanimura (Tohoku, Japan)
– Naofumi Tsunoda (Tokyo, Japan)
– Yutaka Utsuno (JAEA, Japan)
– Michal Warda (Lublin, Poland)
– Cheng-Jun Xia (Zhejiang, China)
– Kazuki Yoshida (JAEA, Japan)

Program

December 10 Monday

venue: International workshop room

Chair: Takashi Nakatsukasa (CCS, Univertsity of Tsukuba)

9:00 ~ 9:10

Welcome Address

Masayuki Umemura
 (Director, CCS, University of Tsukuba)

0:10

9:10 ~ 9:35

Michał Warda
(Maria Curie-Skłodowska University)

0:25

9:35 ~ 10:00

Guillaume Scamps (CCS, University of Tsukuba)

0:25

10:00 ~ 10:20

Fission Dynamics based on Langevin Equations

Yoshihiro Aritomo (Kindai University)

0:20

10:20 ~ 10:35

Shoya Tanaka (Kindai University)

0:15

10:35 ~ 11:00

Break

0:25

Chair: Kazuyuki Sekizawa (Niigata University)

11:00 ~ 11:25

Yusuke Tanimura (Tohoku University)

0:25

11:25 ~ 11:45

Kouichi Hagino (Tohoku University)

0:20

11:45 ~ 12:10

Kazuki Yoshida (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)

0:25

12:10 ~ 12:35

Yasuro Funaki (Kanto Gakuin University)

0:25

12:35 ~ 14:05

Lunch

1:30

Chair: Kouichi Hagino (Tohoku University)

14:05 ~ 14:30

Andrei Andreyev (University of York)

0:25

14:30 ~ 14:55

Katsuhisa Nishio (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)

0:25

14:55 ~ 15:20

Yutaka Utsuno
(Japan Atomic Energy Agency)

0:25

15:20 ~ 15:45

Anatoli Afanasjev (Mississippi State University)

0:25

15:45 ~ 16:10

Break

0:25

Chair: Nobuo Hinohara (CCS, University of Tsukuba)

16:10 ~ 16:35

Elena Litvinova (Western Michigan University)

0:25

16:35 ~ 17:00

Valentin Nesterenko
(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research)

0:25

17:00 ~ 17:25

Witold Nazarewicz
(FRIB / Michigan State University)

0:25

18:00 ~

Get-together Party (venue: Soup Factory)

December 11 Tuesday

venue: International workshop room

Chair: Anatoli Afanasjev (Mississippi State University)

9:30 ~ 9:55

Alexis Diaz-Torres (University of Surrey)

0:25

9:55 ~ 10:20

Kazuyuki Sekizawa (Niigata University)

0:25

10:20 ~ 10:40

Yukio Hashimoto (CCS, University of Tsukuba)

0:20

10:40 ~ 11:05

Break

0:25

Chair: Masaaki Kimura (Hokkaido University)

11:05 ~ 11:30

Chong Qi
(KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

0:25

11:30 ~ 11:55

Naofumi Tsunoda (CNS, University of Tokyo)

0:25

11:55 ~ 12:15

Kouhei Washiyama (Kyushu University)

0:20

12:15 ~ 12:35

Koichi Sato (Osaka City University)

0:20

12:35 ~ 14:05

Lunch

1:30

Chair: Yukio Hashimoto (CCS, University of Tsukuba)

14:05 ~ 14:30

Stéphane Goriely (Université libre de Bruxelles)

0:25

14:30 ~ 14:50

Shape of Carbon-12

Masaaki Kimura (Hokkaido University)

0:20

14:50 ~ 15:10

An ab initio study of the J=0 continuum structures in 4He

Shigeyoshi Aoyma (Niigata University)

0:20

15:10 ~ 15:35

Break

0:25

Chair: Takuma Matsumoto (Kyushu University)

15:35 ~ 16:00

Petr Navrátil (TRIUMF)

0:25

16:00 ~ 16:25

Laura Moschini (Université libre de Bruxelles)

0:25

16:25 ~ 16:45

Nobuo Hinohara
(CCS, University of Tsukuba)

0:20

December 12 Wednesday

venue: Meeting room A

Chair: Guillaume Scamps (CCS, University of Tsukuba)

9:30 ~ 9:55

Jacek Dobaczewski (University of York)

0:25

9:55 ~ 10:15

Takashi Nakatsukasa (CCS, University of Tsukuba)

0:20

10:15 ~ 10:40

Aurel Bulgac (University of Washington)

0:25

10:40 ~ 11:05

Break

0:25

Chair: Witold Nazarewicz (FRIB / Michigan State University)

11:05 ~ 11:30

Tamara Nikšić (University of Zagreb)

0:25

11:30 ~ 11:55

Markus Kortelainen (University of Jyväskylä)

0:25

11:55 ~ 12:15

Haozhao Liang (RIKEN / University of Tokyo)

0:20

12:15 ~ 12:30

Tomoya Naito (University of Tokyo / RIKEN)

0:15

12:30 ~ 14:00

Lunch

1:30

Chair: Haozhao Liang (RIKEN / University of Tokyo)

14:00 ~ 14:25

Junchen Pei (Peking University)

0:25

14:25 ~ 14:50

Takenori Furumoto (Yokohama National University)

0:25

14:50 ~ 15:15

Shun Furusawa (RIKEN iTHEMS)

0:25

15:15 ~ 15:40

Break

0:25

Chair: Kouhei Washiyama (Kyushu University)

15:40 ~ 16:05

Bharat Kumar (IUCAA)

0:25

16:05 ~ 16:30

Cheng-Jun Xia (Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang University)

0:25

16:30 ~ 16:50

Tsunenori Inakura (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

0:20

16:50 ~ 17:05

Soonchul Choi (Soongsil University)

0:15

17:05 ~

Closing

   

Registration

Participants should fill out the registration form by November 2, 2018.

(registration form is closed)

Financial Support

Limited funds are available for participants. We cannot support international airfare.

Support may be provided for oral speakers. Those requesting financial support should apply for a talk at the registration, no later than November 2, 2018.

Organizers

A. Afanasjev (Mississippi State Univ., USA)
K. Hagino (Tohoku Univ.)
Y. Hashimoto (Univ. of Tsukuba)
N. Hinohara (Univ. of Tsukuba)
N. Itagaki (Kyoto Univ.)
M. Kimura (Hokkaido Univ.)
H. Liang (RIKEN/Univ. Tokyo)
T. Matsumoto (Kyushu Univ.)
T. Nakatsukasa (Univ. of Tsukuba)
W. Nazarewicz (Michigan State Univ., USA)
K. Sekizawa (Niigata Univ.)

 

Host

Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba

Co-sponsored: JSPS and NSFC (Japan-China Scientific Cooperation Program)

Travel information

Travel to Tsukuba station/Tsukuba-Center bus terminal from airports
Tokyo-Haneda Airport

-Airport bus bound for Tsukuba-Center (2 hours)
Bus stops at airports (bus stop No. 6 at International Terminal / bus stop 13 at Domestic Terminals 1&2)
Tickets available at the bus ticket counter at the arrival level/vending machine near the bus stops.
Bus timetable and fare

-Trains
Tokyo Monorail from Haneda Airport to Hamamatsucho(浜松町) (bound for Hamamatsucho, 13 min)
JR Yamanote Line/Keihin-Tohoku Line from Hamamatsucho(浜松町) to Akihabara(秋葉原) (bound for Tokyo/Ueno/Omiya/Minami-Urawa, 10 min)
Tsukuba Express Line from Akihabara(秋葉原) to Tsukuba(つくば) (bound for Tsukuba, 45 min)

Tokyo-Narita Airport

-Airport bus bound for Tsukuba-Center/JR-Tsuchiura station (70 min to Tsukuba-Center)
Bus stops at the terminals (No. 8 in Terminal 1, No. 10 in Terminal 2, No. 8 in Terminal 3)
Tickets available at the highway bus ticket counter (arrival level)
Bus timetable and fare
Reservation required for the return trip from Tsukuba to Narita

-Trains
Keisei Access Express (Keisei Narita Sky Access Line) from Narita Airport Terminals 1/2-3 to Higashi-Matsudo(東松戸) (DO NOT take Skyliner) (36 min)
JR Musashino Line from Higashi-Matsudo(東松戸) to Minami-Nagareyama(南流山) (bound for Fuchu-Hommachi, 9 min)
Tsukuba Express Line from Minami-Nagareyama(南流山) to Tsukuba(つくば) (bound for Tsukuba, 24 min)

Travel to Tsukuba station from Omiya (NN2018 conference venue)

-Trains
JR Keihin-Tohoku Line from Omiya(大宮) to Minami-Urawa(南浦和) (bound for Ofuna/Isogo, 12 min)
JR Musashino Line from Minami-Urawa(南浦和) to Minami-Nagareyama(南流山) (bound for Tokyo/Minami-Funabashi, 36 min)
Tsukuba Express Line from Minami-Nagareyama(南流山) to Tsukuba(つくば) (bound for Tsukuba, 24 min)

Travel to CCS from Tsukuba station(Tsukuba Center Bus Terminal)

-Bus
bus stop No.6 at Tsukuba-Center bus terminal to Dai Ichi Area Mae (avoid counter-clockwise one (左回り))
Travel information (Nuclear Theory Group)
Travel information (CCS)
Travel information (University)
Bus route map
Bus time table
Bus fare: 270 yen (Tsukuba Center – Dai Ichi Area Mae)/ 200 yen (Tsukuba Center – Daigaku Kaikan Mae)

University of Tsukuba information

University of Tsukuba Map and Location
University of Tsukuba campus map
enlarged map around CCS

—————————————————————————
Correspondence
Nobuo Hinohara
Center for Computational Sciences
University of Tsukuba
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577
Japan
Email: tsukuba-ccs18 [at] nucl.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp (please replace [at] with @)

 

第10回「学際計算科学による新たな知の発見・統合・創出」シンポジウム

CCS International Symposium 2018

開催案内

主催 筑波大学 計算科学研究センター
日時

平成30年10月15日(月) 13:15~17:25、10月16日(火)9:30~15:50

会場 筑波大学大学会館 国際会議室 [MAP]
懇親会 10月15日(月)18:00開始 筑波大学内スープファクトリー [MAP]
参加費 シンポジウム参加無料、懇親会4,000円
参加登録

名札作成と懇親会予約のため、こちらから事前登録をお願いいたします。

【事前参加登録は締め切りました。参加を希望される方は当日受付へお越しください。】

問い合わせ シンポジウム問い合わせ窓口
ccssympo[at]ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp
スパム防止のためアットマークを[at]と表示しています。
送信の際は[at]はアットマークに置き換えていただくようお願いいたします。

* 本シンポジウムは全て英語で行います。

プログラム等はこちらをご覧ください。https://www.ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp/sympo2018101516/

10th symposium on Discovery, Fusion, Creation of New Knowledge by Multidisciplinary Computational Sciences

CCS International Symposium 2018

Dates and VenuesRegistration / Program / Access information 


Today, computational science is an indispensable research methodology in the basic and applied sciences, and contributes significantly to the progress of a wide variety of scientific research fields. For multidisciplinary computational science based on the fusion of computational and computer sciences, frequent/regular opportunities of communication and collaboration are essential. Center for Computational Sciences (CCS) at University of Tsukuba aims at improving such collaborations between different research fields. In this symposium, plenary speakers in various fields of computational sciences will give us talks on research frontiers, comprehensible to researchers and graduate students in other fields. In 2010, the CCS was recognized under the Advanced Interdisciplinary Computational Science Collaboration Initiative (AISCI) by MEXT, and has since provided the use of its computational facilities to researchers nationwide as part of the Multidisciplinary Cooperative Research Program (MCRP). Now, from 2019, this program is open worldwide. In the symposium, recent results of the MCRP (2017 & 2018) will be reported.

[Poster PDF]

Dates and Venues

Dates:Oct. 15 [Mon] - Oct. 16 [Tue]
Venue:International Conference Room, University Hall, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Program (tentative)

Oct. 15 (Mon)
 Chair: Takashi Nakatsukasa (Univ. Tsukuba)
13:15 – 13:30 Opening Address
Hideo Kigoshi (Univ. of Tsukuba, Vice President)
Masayuki Umemura (Univ. of Tsukuba)
13:30 – 14:05 “Overview of the Post-K processor”
Mitsuhisa Sato (RIKEN R-CCS)
14:05 – 14:40 “Towards exascale simulations of quantum superfluids far from equilibrium”
Piotr Magierski (Warsaw Univ. of Technology)
14:40 – 15:15 PACS10 project in lattice QCD
Takeshi Yamazaki (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Break(15:15 – 15:40)
 Chair: Yusuke Taniguchi (Univ. Tsukuba)
15:40 – 16:15 Electron and proton transfer reactions in photosynthetic reaction centers
Hiroshi Ishikita (The Univ. of Tokyo)
16:15 – 16:50 “Vlasov simulations of collisionless selfgravitating systems and astrophysical plasmas”
Kohji Yoshikawa (Univ. of Tsukuba)
16:50 – 17:25 Recent progress in understanding the early evolution of eukaryotes based on phylogenomic data-analyses
Yuji Inagaki (Univ. of Tsukuba)
18:00 – 20:00 Reception
Oct. 16 (Tue)
Chair: Toshiyuki Amagasa (Univ. Tsukuba)
9:30 – 10:05 “Machine learning approach to automated sleep stage analysis”
Hiroyuki Kitagawa (Univ. of Tsukuba)
10:05 – 10:40 Computational magnetic materials discovery
Takashi Miyake (CD-FMat, AIST)
10:40 – 11:00

Short talk of poster presentation for MCRP * 19 (1min/each)

Break (11:00 – 11:20)
Chair: Hiroyuki Kusaka (Univ. Tsukuba)
11:20 – 11:55 “Downslope winds and sudden warming in idealized large-eddy simulations (LES) on a supercomputer”
Jason C. Knievel (NCAR)
11:55 – 12:40

Short talk of poster presentation for MCRP * 40 (1min/each)

Lunch (12:40 – 13:40)
13:40 – 15:00 Poster session (**For poster presenters)
Chair: Ken Ohsuga (Univ. Tsukuba)
15:00 – 15:35 Multi-hybrid accelerated supercomputer: The new system at CCS
Taisuke Boku (Univ. of Tsukuba)
15:35 – 15:50 New scheme of MCRP 2019
Takashi Nakatsukasa (Univ. of Tsukuba)

*For invited speakers
Please bring a VGA adapter to connect your PC with the projector.
**For poster presenters
Panels of 85 cm (W) x 205 cm (H) are available. We recommend presenters to prepare posters in English of A0 size.

Registration

Participants should fill out the registration form at “On-line registration” by October 4, 2018. The registration is free, and the reception fee is 4,000 JPY. 

[The registration closed. The on-site registration is available.]

Access information

– From airports to Tsukuba Center
There are two airports, Narita and Haneda, in the Tokyo area. For the access to Tsukuba, Narita Airport is more convenient than Haneda. The direct highway bus to Tsukuba from Narita airport is available roughly every hour, and it takes about one hour. From Haneda airport, there are also direct bus to Tsukuba, but the service is less frequent and it takes about two hours.

– From Tokyo to Tsukuba Center
Rapid trains of Tsukuba Express (TX) Line bring you to Tsukuba station from Akihabara station in Tokyo in 45 minutes. See the following maps:
* Tsukuba Express Line (http://www.mir.co.jp/en/route_map/index.html)
* Tokyo Metro (http://www.tokyometro.jp/en/subwaymap/)

– To University of Tsukuba
Please take on a bus at No.6 platform in Tsukuba Center (Tsukuba Station) and get off the bus at the bus stop “Daigaku kaikan mae”. It takes about 3 minutes from the bus stop “Daigaku kaikan mae” to university hall.
* University of Tsukuba Access map page
* Campus map of University of Tsukuba

Organizer

Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba

122nd Colloquium of Center for Computational Sciences

122nd Colloquium

Title: Graph Processing: The Integration of RDBMS and Graph System

Speaker: Professor Jeffrey Xu Yu
Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Date: August 3, 2018 (Fri)

Time: 13:30 – 14:30

Venue: Center for Computational Sciences, International Workshop Room

Language: English

Abstract:
To support analytics on massive graphs such as online social networks, RDF, Semantic Web, etc. many new graph algorithms are designed to query graphs for a specific problem, and many distributed graph processing systems are developed to support graph querying by programming. In this talk, first, we focus on RDBM, which has been well studied over decades to manage large datasets. We revisit the issue how RDBMS can support graph processing at the SQL level. Our work is motivated by the fact that there are many relations stored in RDBMS that are closely related to a graph in real applications and need to be used together to query the graph, and RDBMS is a system that can query and manage data while data may be updated over time. To support graph processing, we propose 4 new relational algebra operations. The 4 new relational algebra operations can be defined by the 6 basic relational algebra operations with group-by-&-aggregation. We revisit SQL recursive queries and show that the 4 operations with others are ensured to have a fixpoint, following the techniques studied in Datalog, and enhance the recursive WITH clause in SQL’99. Such enhanced recursive WITH Clause can be supported by major RDBMSs. Second, we discuss how to translate such newly introduced operations into a graph system to achieve efficiency.

Bio:
Dr. Jeffrey Xu Yu is a Professor in the Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. His current main research interests include graph mining, graph query processing, graph pattern matching, keywords search in databases, and online social networks. Dr. Yu served as an Information Director and a member in ACM SIGMOD executive committee (2007-2011), an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2004-2008), and an associate editor in VLDB Journal (2007-2013). Currently he serves as an associate editor of ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), WWW Journal, Data Science and Engineering, the International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, the Journal on Health Information Science and Systems (HISS), and Journal of Information Processing. Dr. Yu served/serves in many organization committees and program committees in international conferences/workshops including PC Co-chair of APWeb’04, WAIM’06, APWeb/WAIM’07, WISE’09, PAKDD’10, DASFAA’11, ICDM’12, NDBC’13, ADMA’14, CIKM’15 and Bigcomp17, and conference general Co-chair of APWeb’13 and ICDM’18.

Coordinator :Hiroyuki Kitagawa

第122回計算科学コロキウムを、8月3日(金)13:30より開催します

第122回計算科学コロキウムを、8月3日(金)に開催いたします。
多数のご来聴をお願いいたします。

場所:筑波大学 計算科学研究センター 国際ワークショップ室
日時:2018年8月3日(金)13:30-14:30
講演タイトル:Graph Processing: The Integration of RDBMS and Graph System
講演者氏名 :Professor Jeffrey Xu Yu
Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

使用言語  :英語

Abstract:
To support analytics on massive graphs such as online social networks, RDF, Semantic Web, etc. many new graph algorithms are designed to query graphs for a specific problem, and many distributed graph processing systems are developed to support graph querying by programming. In this talk, first, we focus on RDBM, which has been well studied over decades to manage large datasets. We revisit the issue how RDBMS can support graph processing at the SQL level. Our work is motivated by the fact that there are many relations stored in RDBMS that are closely related to a graph in real applications and need to be used together to query the graph, and RDBMS is a system that can query and manage data while data may be updated over time. To support graph processing, we propose 4 new relational algebra operations. The 4 new relational algebra operations can be defined by the 6 basic relational algebra operations with group-by-&-aggregation. We revisit SQL recursive queries and show that the 4 operations with others are ensured to have a fixpoint, following the techniques studied in Datalog, and enhance the recursive WITH clause in SQL’99. Such enhanced recursive WITH Clause can be supported by major RDBMSs. Second, we discuss how to translate such newly introduced operations into a graph system to achieve efficiency.

Bio:
Dr. Jeffrey Xu Yu is a Professor in the Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. His current main research interests include graph mining, graph query processing, graph pattern matching, keywords search in databases, and online social networks. Dr. Yu served as an Information Director and a member in ACM SIGMOD executive committee (2007-2011), an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2004-2008), and an associate editor in VLDB Journal (2007-2013). Currently he serves as an associate editor of ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), WWW Journal, Data Science and Engineering, the International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, the Journal on Health Information Science and Systems (HISS), and Journal of Information Processing. Dr. Yu served/serves in many organization committees and program committees in international conferences/workshops including PC Co-chair of APWeb’04, WAIM’06, APWeb/WAIM’07, WISE’09, PAKDD’10, DASFAA’11, ICDM’12, NDBC’13, ADMA’14, CIKM’15 and Bigcomp17, and conference general Co-chair of APWeb’13 and ICDM’18.

世話人:北川 博之 

Call for Associate Professor or Tenure-Track Assistant Professor Position (Division of HPC Systems)

Deadline for Applications: Sep 28, 2018

Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba is inviting applications for an Associate Professor or an Assistant Professor.
Our program is interested in recruiting researchers with high performance computing, big data analysis, artificial intelligence system software background (details below).

* Position Details

Position Title: Associate Professor or Tenure-Track Assistant Professor

Number of positions: One

Position Type: Full time, tenured. Tenure-Track Assistant Professor will be tenured after passing a review in five years.

Institution and location: Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba
1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
http://www.ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp/

* Position Description

General Description:
Research about system software for high performance computing, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence

Detailed description:
Center for Computational Sciences consists of researchers in computer science and computational science, and promotes computational sciences, big data analysis and artificial intelligence by designing and exploring supercomputers. The successful candidate is expected to have research background regarding system software for high performance computing, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence. Also, he or she is expected to train and advice undergraduate and graduate students in College of Information Science, and Department of Computer Science, and Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering.

* Applications

General Qualifications: Applicants must meet the following qualifications and demonstrate competency in researching about system software for high performance computing, big data analysis and artificial intelligence.
1) Ph.D. (or it should be obtained by the time of job commencement)
2) Qualified research experience in the research field noted above
3) Qualified skills in advising students in the university and the graduate school

* Required Documents

1) Note for an expected position (associate professor, assistant professor or either)
2) Curriculum Vitae including photo and email address
3) List of publications (should note referred or non-referred)
4) Reprints of five major papers (four or more should be published within five years)
5) Summary of research activities (about 800 words referring to the major papers)
6) Research and education plan (about 800 words)
7) Research funding activities
8) Two or more recommendation letters, or names and contact information of two or more referees

Documents should be submitted by hard copies and a USB memory in PDF format. After screening of application materials, there will be interviews including presentation.

* Contact Information

Prof. Osamu Tatebe
Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Tel: +81-29-853-6484
Email: tatebe[at]cs.tsukuba.ac.jp
* [at] should be replaced with @

* Submission

Prof. Masayuki Umemura
Director, Center for Computational Sciences,
University of Tsukuba
1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
Email: umemura[at]ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp
* [at] should be replaced with @

Required documents should be mailed using recorded delivery. Clearly note “Application for faculty position in high performance computing” in red in front of the envelope. The submitted materials will not be returned.

* Equal Opportunity Employer

We are an equal opportunity employer and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law.

[高性能計算システム研究部門]准教授または助教公募(締切:2018年9月28日)

募集人員:准教授または助教1名(助教の場合はテニュアトラック)

専門分野:HPC・ビッグデータ・AIにおけるシステムソフトウェア

職務内容
計算科学研究センターでは、計算機科学と計算科学の研究者が協力してスーパコンピュータの設計を行い、計算科学・ビッグデータ・AIを推進しています。
本公募は、スーパコンピュータで計算科学・ビッグデータ・AIを推進するためのシステムソフトウェアに関する研究を行っていただける方を求めます。着任後は意欲的にアプリケーション分野とも連携していただける方を希望します。
また、情報学群情報科学類ならびにシステム情報工学研究科コンピュータサイエンス専攻において、教育・研究指導を担当していただきます。

任期:なし
(助教の場合は5年間のテニュアトラック期間の最終年度にテニュア獲得審査を行い、合格するとテニュア付き助教となります)

応募資格:博士の学位を有し(着任時期までに取得見込も可)、専門分野において優れた研究業績があり、HPC・ビッグデータ・AIにおけるシステム研究と大学院・学類における研究・教育に熱意を有する方

着任時期:決定後できるだけ早い時期

提出書類
1) 希望職位(「准教授希望」「助教希望」「准教授または助教希望」のいずれか)
2) 履歴書(写真添付、連絡先と電子メールアドレスを明記)
3) 業績リスト(査読論文とその他を区別すること)
4) 主要論文別刷5編(うち4編以上は最近5年以内のもの)
5) これまでの研究の概要(主要論文を適宜参照し1,500字程度)
6) 着任後の研究計画と教育に関する抱負(1,500字程度)
7) 外部資金の獲得状況
8) 意見書2通以上、または照会可能者2名以上の氏名・所属・連絡先

以上について、紙媒体と共にUSBメモリなどのデジタル媒体にPDF形式で記録したものを同封してください。書類選考の後、面接選考(プレゼンテーション含む)を実施します。

応募締切:2018年9月28日(金)必着

照会先
計算科学研究センター高性能計算システム研究部門 建部修見
Tel: 029-853-6484
Email: tatebe[at]cs.tsukuba.ac.jp
*[at] を @ に置き換えて下さい

応募書類送付先
〒305-8577 つくば市天王台1-1-1
筑波大学計算科学研究センター長 梅村雅之

封筒には「計算科学研究センター高性能計算システム研究部門教員応募書類在中」と朱書し、簡易書留か宅急便で送付してください。応募書類とデジタル媒体は返却しません。

その他:計算科学研究センターは、文部科学省共同利用・共同研究拠点に認定されており、計算機共同利用を含む学際計算科学を推進しています。筑波大学では男女雇用機会均等法を遵守した人事選考を行っています。

CCS HPCサマーセミナー2018を8月7日(火) -8日(水) に開催します

開催趣旨

計算科学を支える大規模シミュレーション,超高速数値処理のためのスーパーコンピュータの主力プラットフォームはクラスタ型の並列計算機となってきました.ところが,大規模なクラスタ型並列計算機は,高い理論ピーク性能を示す一方で,実際のアプリケーションを高速に実行することは容易なことではありません.

本セミナーはそのようなクラスタ型並列計算機の高い性能を十二分に活用するために必要な知識,プログラミングを学ぶことを目的としています.超高速数値処理を必要とする大学院生が主な対象ですが,興味をお持ちの方はどなたでもご参加下さい.

開催日時

日程: 2018年8月7日(火) – 8月8日(水)
会場: 筑波大学計算科学研究センター 1階 ワークショップ室(アクセス

参加申し込み

参加申込: こちらのページにてご登録をお願い致します
締切: 2018年8月6日(月)
参加費: 無料
セミナーHP: https://www2.ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp/workshop/HPCseminar/2018/
問い合わせ先: hpc-seminar [at] ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp

会場の都合により,参加定員を超えた場合,参加申込を早期に締め切らせて頂く場合があります.

プログラム
  8月7日 (火) 8月8日 (水)
09:00 – 10:30 並列処理の基礎 OpenMP
10:45 – 12:15 並列システム MPI
13:30 – 15:00 並列数値アルゴリズムI 最適化I
15:15 – 16:45 並列数値アルゴリズムII 最適化II
セミナー内容
  セミナー名  セミナー内容 講師
1 並列処理の基礎 アムダールの法則,並列化手法(EP,データ並列,パイプライン並列),通信,同期,並列化効率,負荷バランスなど並列処理に関する基礎事項を学ぶ. 朴泰祐
2 並列システム SMP,NUMA,クラスタ,グリッドなどの並列計算機システムと,並列計算機システムの性能に大きく関わる事項(メモリ階層,メモリバンド幅,ネットワーク,通信バンド幅,遅延など)を学ぶ. 朴泰祐
3 並列数値アルゴリズムI 代表的な並列数値アルゴリズムである連立一次方程式の解法を学ぶ. 多田野寛人
4 並列数値アルゴリズムII 代表的な並列数値アルゴリズムである高速フーリエ変換(FFT)を学ぶ. 高橋大介
5 OpenMP 並列プログラミングモデル,並列プログラミング言語OpenMPを学ぶ. 李 珍泌
(理化学研究所 R-CCS)
6 MPI 並列プログラミング言語MPI2を学ぶ. 建部修見
7 最適化I 並列計算機システムの計算ノード単体におけるプログラムの最適化手法(レジスタブロック,キャッシュブロック,メモリ割当など)と性能評価に関して学ぶ. 高橋大介
8 最適化II 並列計算機システム全体における並列プログラムの最適化手法と性能評価に関して学ぶ. 建部修見
本セミナーを授業として受講する方へ(筑波大生向け)

本セミナーは,筑波大学大学院共通科目「計算科学のための高性能並列計算技術」と共通です. 大学院共通科目として本セミナーを受講する方は,TWINS で履修登録して下さい.このページからの参加申し込みは不要です.

【受賞】藤田研究員、小林助教らがHPC in ASIA poster awardを受賞

フランクフルトで開催されたISC2018において、藤田研究員、小林助教らによる発表が HPC IN ASIA セッションの Poster Award を受賞しました。

受賞した発表は以下の通りです。
Poster from Japan: “Accelerating HPC applications on FPGAs using OpenCL and FPGA Network
Poster Authors: Norihisa Fujita, Ryohei Kobayashi, Yoshiki Yamaguchi, Makito Abe, Kohji Yoshikawa, Masayuki Umemura

Oakforest-PACS ranks #1 in storage performance

The Joint Center for Advanced High Performance Computing (JCAHPC) announced that the storage performance of the Oakforest-PACS supercomputer has ranked #1 in the second IO-500 list released in June 2018.
The IO-500 is a world ranking list of storage performance, which is evaluated by the IO-500 benchmark that measures the storage performance using read/write bandwidth for large files and read/write/listing performance for small files. Storage performance in supercomputers is critical for large-scale simulation, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence. The IO-500 list facilitates to improve the storage performance that greatly helps to improve the CPU performance.

【受賞】スーパーコンピュータ Oakforest-PACS のストレージが IO-500 で世界一位に認定

東京大学情報基盤センター(http://www.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp)と筑波大学計算科学研究センター(http://www.ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp) が共同運営する、最先端共同 HPC 基盤施設(JCAHPC:Joint Center for Advanced High Performance Computing、http://jcahpc.jp)が運用する超並列クラスタ型スーパーコンピュータ Oakforest-PACS のストレージシステムが、2018年6月のストレージ性能ランキングを示す IO-500 リスト(http://www.io500.org)において、世界最高性能を達成しました。
 IO-500 リストは、2017 年 11 月に初めて公表されたリストで、今回が二回目となるストレージ性能の世界ランキングです。ストレージ性能は大規模数値シミュレーションだけではなく、ビッグデータ・AI 処理に極めて重要で、ストレージ性能の向上は、スーパーコンピュータシステムの計算処理を向上させる上で大きな影響を及ぼす要素です。IO-500 では、大規模ファイルの書込・読込性能と小規模ファイルの書込・読込・リスティング性能を測定するベンチマークプログラムを用いてスコアが決定されます。
Oakforest-PACSは2017年11月のランキングでも世界第1位でしたが、今回はスコアを更新し、改めて世界第1位となりました。

【受賞】塩川浩昭助教,北川博之教授がDEIM2018にて優秀論文賞を受賞

佐藤朋紀氏(CS専攻博士前期2年)、塩川浩昭助教北川博之教授が発表した論文「選択的重要度先読みを用いたObjectRankの高速化」が2018年3月に開催された第10回データ工学と情報マネジメントに関するフォーラム (DEIM2018)にて優秀論文賞を受賞しました。
この論文賞はDEIM2018で発表された約350を超えるすべての論文の中から優秀な論文3件程度に与えられるものです。

公募:助教(計算生体分子医科学分野)

公募人員:助教(任期付)1名

所属組織:筑波大学計算科学研究センター

専門分野:当センター「計算メディカルサイエンス推進事業 計算生体分子医科学分野」では, AMED研究課題「革新的中分子創薬技術の開発:中分子シミュレーション」において, 分子シミュレーションや第一原理計算を用いて(1)中分子の膜透過性評価,(2)タンパク質間相互作用の解析による基質結合能評価, および(3)新しいシミュレーション技術の開発をおこなう, 助教(任期付)を募集します。特に, 着任後は「生命科学研究部門」のメンバーと共同し, 意欲的に医学分野と連携して頂ける方を希望します。また, 応募者の適性を判断して, 理工学群,および数理物質科学研究科において, 教育・研究指導を担当していただきます。

着任時期:2018年10月1日以降, できるだけ早い時期

任期  :2021年3月31日まで

応募資格:博士の学位を有する者, あるいはそれと同等の力量をもつ者

提出書類

 1)履歴書(写真貼付)
 2)業績リスト
 3)主要論文別刷5編(うち4編以上は最近5年以内のもの)
 4)これまでの研究の概要(A4用紙1枚程度)
 5)着任後の研究と教育に関する抱負(A4用紙1枚程度)
 6)外部資金の獲得状況

公募締切:2018年6月29日(金)必着

応募方法:封筒に「計算科学研究センター 計算生体分子医科学分野 教員応募書類在中」と朱書し,簡易書留にて送付してください。なお, 応募書類は審査終了後に廃棄致します。
Email: shigeta[at]ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp ([at]を@に置き換えてお送りください)

【応募先】 〒305-8577 茨城県つくば市天王台1−1−1筑波大学計算科学研究センター
【問合せ先】重田 育照(Tel: 029-853-6496, Email:shigeta[at]ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp)

その他 :計算科学研究センターは,文部科学省共同利用・共同研究拠点に認定されており,計算機共同利用を含む学際計算科学を推進しています。筑波大学では男女雇用機会均等法を遵守した人事選考を行っています。

121st Colloquium of Center for Computational Sciences

121st Colloquium

Title: Statistics and Machine Learning: Common Goals, Practices, and Interactions!

Speaker: Professor Sam Behseta
Director of Center for the Computational and Applied Mathematics (CCAM) California State University

Date: June 11, 2018 (Mon)

Time: 11:15 – 12:15

Venue: Center for Computational Sciences, Meeting Room B

Language: English

Abstract:
Ever since the advent of correlation and simple linear regression at the turn of the 20th century, Statistics has been known as a data driven discipline within the spectrum of mathematical sciences. Subsequently, the flow of statistical approaches typically has encompassed several stages, including data collection, model fitting, and parameter interpretation. While earlier statistical attempts were mostly devoted to the establishment of a theoretical framework for inference, the growth and popularity of computational techniques in recent years have significantly shifted modern statistical methodologies from theory to applications, and thus have made them far more computationally driven. In particular, robust computational techniques such as Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques have emboldened the applications of Bayesian modeling for scientific problem solving. In this talk, I will discuss some areas in which there is a considerable overlap between statistical modeling of Big Data and Machine Learning. For example, I will draw upon the role of mixture models, Dirichlet process priors, Gaussian processes, and dimensionality reduction methods in Statistics to demonstrate their dual functionality in the current approaches for classification and prediction, as practiced in Machine Learning. I will then suggest a potentially unifying infrastructure for both disciplines, where the two cultures can further collaborate to offer more robust solutions for solving scientific inquiries.

Coordinator :Hiroyuki Kitagawa

第121回計算科学コロキウムを、6月11日(月)11:15より開催します

第121回計算科学コロキウムを、6月11日(月)に開催いたします。
多数のご来聴をお願いいたします。

場所:筑波大学 計算科学研究センター 会議室B
日時:2018年6月11日(月)11:15-12:15
講演タイトル:Statistics and Machine Learning: Common Goals, Practices, and Interactions!
講演者氏名:Professor Sam Behseta
Director of Center for the Computational and Applied Mathematics (CCAM) California State University
使用言語:英語

Abstract:
Ever since the advent of correlation and simple linear regression at the turn of the 20th century, Statistics has been known as a data driven discipline within the spectrum of mathematical sciences. Subsequently, the flow of statistical approaches typically has encompassed several stages, including data collection, model fitting, and parameter interpretation. While earlier statistical attempts were mostly devoted to the establishment of a theoretical framework for inference, the growth and popularity of computational techniques in recent years have significantly shifted modern statistical methodologies from theory to applications, and thus have made them far more computationally driven. In particular, robust computational techniques such as Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques have emboldened the applications of Bayesian modeling for scientific problem solving. In this talk, I will discuss some areas in which there is a considerable overlap between statistical modeling of Big Data and Machine Learning. For example, I will draw upon the role of mixture models, Dirichlet process priors, Gaussian processes, and dimensionality reduction methods in Statistics to demonstrate their dual functionality in the current approaches for classification and prediction, as practiced in Machine Learning. I will then suggest a potentially unifying infrastructure for both disciplines, where the two cultures can further collaborate to offer more robust solutions for solving scientific inquiries.

世話人:北川 博之 

120th Colloquium of Center for Computational Sciences

120th Colloquium

Title: Keeping-up with the Flood of Data in Extreme Scale Simulations

Speaker: Franck Cappello (Senior Computer Scientist, Argonne National Laboratory)

Date: May 18, 2018 (Fri)

Time: 14:00-15:30

Venue: Center for Computational Sciences, Meeting Room A

Language: English

Abstract:
Many extreme-scale scientific simulations are already generating more data than can be communicated, stored, and analyzed.
The data flood will get even worse with exascale systems. In this talk, we will discuss two projects of the U.S. Exascale Computing Project (ECP) addressing this problem in the contexts of checkpoint/restart and simulation I/O. The first project is VeloC, a multilevel checkpoint/restart environment reducing dramatically the checkpoint time perceived by the application. With minimal code modifications (generally about 10-20 lines of codes), the VeloC environment leverages the different levels of the storage hierarchy to perform fast checkpointing and asynchronous checkpoint movements. We will present early performance results of this environment that is co-designed with ECP applications and that will serve as the main checkpoint/restart library for ECP simulations. The second project, EZ, develops and improves the SZ lossy compressor for scientific data. Scientific data reduction is necessary in order to dramatically accelerate I/O and reduce the data storage footprint. Lossy compression seems the only practical and effective direction to reduce significantly scientific datasets for a broad spectrum of applications. Care must be taken, however, to keep the information that matters for the scientists. We will introduce the latest version of the SZ compressor and discuss its performance for several ECP datasets.

Bio:
Franck is senior computer scientist at Argonne National Laboratory and adjunct associate professor in the department of computer science at University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. He is the director of the Joint-Laboratory on Extreme Scale Computing gathering seven of the leading high-performance computing institutions in the world: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), National Center for Scientific Applications (NCSA), Inria, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Julich Supercomputing center (JSC), Riken CCS and UTK/ICL. Franck is an expert in fault tolerance for high-performance parallel computing. Recently he started investigating lossy compression for scientific datasets to respond to the pressing needs of scientists performing large scale simulations and experiments for significant data reduction. Franck is member of the editorial board of IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Computing and has served the steering committees of ACM HPDC and IEEE CCGRID. He is fellow of the IEEE.

Coordinator :Taisuke Boku

第120回計算科学コロキウムを、5月18日(金)14時より開催します

第120回計算科学コロキウムを、5月18日(金)に開催いたします。
多数のご来聴をお願いいたします。

場所:筑波大学 計算科学研究センター 会議室A
日時:2018年5月18日(金)14:00–15:30
講演タイトル:Keeping-up with the Flood of Data in Extreme Scale Simulations
講演者氏名:Franck Cappello (Senior Computer Scientist, Argonne National Laboratory)
使用言語:英語

Abstract:
Many extreme-scale scientific simulations are already generating more data than can be communicated, stored, and analyzed.
The data flood will get even worse with exascale systems. In this talk, we will discuss two projects of the U.S. Exascale Computing Project (ECP) addressing this problem in the contexts of checkpoint/restart and simulation I/O. The first project is VeloC, a multilevel checkpoint/restart environment reducing dramatically the checkpoint time perceived by the application. With minimal code modifications (generally about 10-20 lines of codes), the VeloC environment leverages the different levels of the storage hierarchy to perform fast checkpointing and asynchronous checkpoint movements. We will present early performance results of this environment that is co-designed with ECP applications and that will serve as the main checkpoint/restart library for ECP simulations. The second project, EZ, develops and improves the SZ lossy compressor for scientific data. Scientific data reduction is necessary in order to dramatically accelerate I/O and reduce the data storage footprint. Lossy compression seems the only practical and effective direction to reduce significantly scientific datasets for a broad spectrum of applications. Care must be taken, however, to keep the information that matters for the scientists. We will introduce the latest version of the SZ compressor and discuss its performance for several ECP datasets.

Bio:
Franck is senior computer scientist at Argonne National Laboratory and adjunct associate professor in the department of computer science at University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. He is the director of the Joint-Laboratory on Extreme Scale Computing gathering seven of the leading high-performance computing institutions in the world: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), National Center for Scientific Applications (NCSA), Inria, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Julich Supercomputing center (JSC), Riken CCS and UTK/ICL. Franck is an expert in fault tolerance for high-performance parallel computing. Recently he started investigating lossy compression for scientific datasets to respond to the pressing needs of scientists performing large scale simulations and experiments for significant data reduction. Franck is member of the editorial board of IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Computing and has served the steering committees of ACM HPDC and IEEE CCGRID. He is fellow of the IEEE.

世話人:朴 泰祐 

彗星にはなぜ重い窒素が多いのか? ~なぞを解く鍵は太陽が生まれる前にあった~

平成30年4月27日

国立大学法人 筑波大学
国立大学法人 東京大学大学院理学系研究科

概要

国立大学法人筑波大学 計算科学研究センター 古家健次助教、東京大学大学院理学系研究科 相川祐理教授は、宇宙空間における窒素同位体の存在比異常が引き起こされる仕組みを、数値計算によって初めて解明しました。

隕石や彗星などの太陽系物質と、恒星と惑星形成の舞台である星間分子雲に含まれる分子には、窒素同位体の存在比異常が存在します。これら物質中の窒素同位体存在比は、太陽系の物質的起源について重要な情報を持つと考えられています。しかし、どのような機構で窒素同位体存在比の異常が引き起こされるかについては、これまでわかっていませんでした。

今回、数値計算によって窒素同位体の存在比異常が引き起こされる機構が明らかになったことで、今後、窒素同位体の存在比を利用して、太陽系を含め、恒星と惑星系が生まれる際の物質進化の理解がさらに進むことが期待されます。

本研究の成果は、2018年4月20日付の「The Astrophysical Journal」誌で先行公開されました。

図 分子雲において窒素同位体の存在比異常を引き起こす機構。分子雲のガス中において、窒素は主に窒素原子あるいは窒素分子として存在しています。星間紫外線に照らされている分子雲の表面では、14N2とその同位体である14N15Nのどちらも効率的な光解離のため、安定に存在することができません。分子雲のある程度内部では、14N2は自己遮蔽効果により、光解離の効率が落ちます。その一方で、存在量の少ない14N15Nは自己遮蔽効果が効きづらく、効率的に光解離します。そのような領域では、窒素原子が星間塵表面反応により氷に取り込まれることで、ガスは窒素15に乏しく、氷は窒素15に富むようになります。希薄な星間ガスから分子雲ができる際にガスは必ずこのような領域を通過するため、同位体の存在比の異常は分子雲全体に及びます。

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